Properties of s , p and d block of periodic table

Periodic table :-  The modern periodic table  which we use in our current time was given by a scientist named Henry moseley . The  Modern Periodic table has 18 vertical columns and 7 horizontal columns which is known as groups and periods respectively . It is known as periodic table due to the collection of seven periods in it. The Modern Periodic Table is divided among four blocks which are known as s-block p-block D-block and f-block respectively. Today we will discuss about the properties of s, p and d, blocks in this article.

Properties of s-block (elements):- 

1. The s block of the periodic table contains the element having s sub-shell as their valence shell i.e. the last coming electron enters into s sub-shell of atoms of the elements of s-block.

2. The S block consists of two groups of periodic table: group 1 and group 2 . The elements of group 1 are called alkali metals while the elements of Group 2 are known as alkaline earth metals.

3. All the elements of s-block are active metals except Hydrogen and found solid at room temperature.

4. The oxidation state of s-block elements is either +1 or +2 (for elements of group 2)

5. They are able to form basic oxides .

6. On the reaction with non-metals , they form ionic salts like NaCl.

7. They are the metals having low ionisation enthalpy as well as low electron gain enthalpy.

8. The hydroxides they form are generally basic in nature .

Properties of s-block (elements) :-

1. p-block is consist of elements having p sub-shell as their valence shell , i.e. the last coming electron in these elements enters into p sub-shell of the atom .

2. The p-block is found at the right side of the modern periodic table from group 13 to group 18.

3. The elements of p-block are mostly non-metals . The metallic character of p-block elements decreases on moving down the group .

4. The elements present in p block have variable oxidation state .

5. The oxides formed by the reaction with p block elements are acidic in nature .

6. p block elements have high electron gain enthalpy and ionisation enthalpy.

7. Halogens on reaction with alkali metals gives salt as result while the other elements can form covalent compounds.

8. Some of these elements are found to be solids , some to be liquids while some of them are found to be gaseous at room temperature .

Properties of d Block (elements) :-

1. In periodic table , the d block is situated between  s and p blocks .

2. d block elements are also known as transition elements due to their transitional properties between s and p blocks .

3. The d block of periodic table contains elements which have d sub-shell as their valence shell , i.e. the last coming electron of these elements enters into d sub-shell .

4. Among d block elements , most of them are metals .

5. Due to the partially filled d orbitals , most of these elements shows variable oxidation states .

6. These elements acts like Lewis acids and therefore can readily form coloured complex compounds .

7. Most of the d block elements shows paramagnetic and ferromagnetic behaviour.

8. The d block elements also works as good catalyst too .

This were some basic properties of s, p and d block elements . Hope it will be helpful in your studies .

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